Boalmari upazila on the north, Gopalganj Sadar upazila on the south, Muksudpur and Gopalganj Sadar upazilas on the east, Lohagara (Narail) and Alfadanga upazilas on the west.

Kashiani thana, now an upazila, was established in 1936. It consists of 14 union parishads, 151 mouzas and 161 villages.

Kashiani Upazila is located in Gopalganj District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Gopalganj are Gopalganj Sadar Upazila, Kashiani Upazila, Kotalipara Upazila, Muksudpur Upazila, Tungipara Upazila.